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Mass Casualties and Making Decisions About War
SUBJECTS — U.S./1941 - 1945; World/Japan, WW II;
SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL LEARNING — Human Rights;
MORAL-ETHICAL EMPHASIS — Responsibility; Respect; Caring.
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Stalin said, "A single death is a tragedy, a million deaths are a statistic."
This lesson plan is designed to:
- give students an idea of the meaning of mass casualties;
- provide information about the end of WW II and the beginning of the Cold War
- start students thinking about what it means to live in an age in which many nations have nuclear weapons;
- stimulate study and debate about the decision to end WW II through surprise atomic bomb attacks on Japanese cities; and
- provide an ethical framework for future voters to make decisions about war.
The lesson plan, which can be adapted for grades 7 - 12, contains classroom exercises, discussion questions with suggested answers, a test with an answer key, essay questions with answer keys describing points to be covered, handouts, and relevant curriculum standards for the eleven most populous states in the U.S.
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TWM's Lesson Plan on Mass Casualties and Making Decisions About War will help children understand the meaning of mass killings.
Learning Guide Excerpt
To demonstrate how our Learning Guides can be used by teachers to improve lesson plans, we have set out below the first few paragraphs of the Introductory Note from the Learning Guide to Mass Casualties and Making Decisions About War.
Introductory Note: Why study the summer of 1945? Historian William Manchester described the first use of atomic bombs as "a kind of historical hinge; ... everything which had been, no longer was, ... and everything that was to be, became." The surprise atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were two of the most important events of that very important time.
Another reason to study the atomic bombing of Japanese cities arises from the fact that no mass casualty caused by human beings, save one, has ever had anything close to a reasonable justification. That one exception is the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. While there are strong arguments that the bombing was not a legitimate way to bring a quick end to WW II, there are also strong arguments that it was.
In addition, the atomic attacks were not perpetrated by savages, fanatic nationalists, communist dictators, or repressive fascist regimes. The atomic bombs were unleased by the United States, a highly evolved democratic society which embodies many of the highest aspirations of humankind. The intentional killing of so many non-combatants by such a country adds significance to the event.
The skills taught by an in-depth analysis of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki will be especially useful for students in any country which possesses nuclear weapons or strong armies: the U.S., Russia, China, Great Britain, France, India, Pakistan, Israel etc. Elections and the political process in these countries may determine important issues of war and peace. The ability to understand the meaning of mass casualties and to make principled, informed, effective decisions about war, will be especially important to citizens of these countries in the 21st century.
The Learning Guide to the film Mass Casualties and Making Decisions About War contains sections on Benefits of the Movie, Possible Problems, Helpful Background, Discussion Questions, Links to the Internet, and Bridges to Reading. The Discussion Questions are divided into three categories: Subject Matter, Social-Emotional Learning, and Moral-Ethical Emphasis.
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